For as long as I can remember, people in my religious tradition have been talking about decline. When I was a child, Mainline Protestantism was still a major force in American religious life. Today, many of its congregations have a much smaller membership comprised of people who are significantly older than the general population. Now, nearly everyone is wondering what the future holds.
This is personal. I have spent my entire life inside this tradition. I grew up, was confirmed, and received a call to ministry in the Presbyterian Church (USA). Since then I have served eleven congregations affiliated with four Mainline denominations: Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA), Presbyterian Church (USA), and United Church of Christ (UCC). I have also served a faith-based non-profit that was founded by a United Methodist congregation, and I was married in an Episcopal church.

Background
Mainline decline has been a topic I’ve explored many times here on So What Faith since I started this blog back in 2009. Two years ago I sought to bring all of that into a single place with My Religion is Dying: A Deep Dive into Mainline Decline.
Now, two years later, I’m back with an update that features 12 new posts.
Taken together, these 62 posts trace several recurring themes:
- long-term membership decline across all Mainline denominations,
- rapidly aging congregations,
- shrinking average congregation size and average worship attendance,
- geographical and denominational differences in decline,
- and the growing challenge of sustaining buildings and ministry structures designed for a different era.
The picture is sobering, but it is also more nuanced than what popular media often portrays. Some denominations are declining more slowly than others, some congregations are adapting creatively, and new models of ministry are emerging as older ones fade.
I invite you to bookmark this post and to return from time to time. The sections – Mainline, Books, and Denominations – offer an easy way to work through such a large volume of links. And, to simplify for those interested in their denomination, the denominational subsections are listed alphabetically: Episcopal, Lutheran (ELCA), Presbyterian (PCUSA), and United Church of Christ.
Mainline
- Slow Fade: A New Look at Mainline Protestant Decline (2025)
- Are You Part of an Endangered Species? (2024)
- Worshippers Are Aging Too Fast (2023)
- My Religious Traditions Are Missing 8 Million People! (2023)
- Mainline Decline in the Dallas – Fort Worth Metro Area (2023)
- Mainline Decline: 1990 to 2020 (2022)
- Lifelong Retention: A Religious Challenge (2022)
- Latest Church Trends: Membership & Giving (2021)
- Giving Up Mainline Protestantism (2021)
- Giving Up the Old and White Church (2021)
- Mainline: The 5 Percent? (2019)
- Mainline Protestantism = Old (2016)
- From Mainline to Sideline to Oldline (2015)
- Shifts in Religious Affiliation (1972-2012) (2014)
- Doubling of Those Age 65 & Over (2013)
- Role Reversal (2012)
- Liberal Protestant Decline – Fact Check (2011)
- What if No One Comes? More Decline in the Mainline (2010)

Books
- Church Tomorrow? What the ‘Nones’ and ‘Dones’ Teach Us About the Future of Faith by Stephanie Spellers (2025)
- The American Religious Landscape: Facts, Trends, and the Future by Ryan P. Burge (2025)
- Why Religion Went Obsolete: The Demise of Traditional Faith in America. by Christian Smith (2025)
- Holy Disruption: A Manifesto for the Future of Faith Communities by Amy Butler and Dawn Darwin Weaks (2025)
- Funding Forward: A Pathway to More Sustainable Models for Ministry by Grace Duddy Pomroy (2024)
- Gone for Good? Negotiating the Coming Wave of Church Property Transition edited by Mark Elsdon (2024)
- 20 Myths About Religion and Politics in America by Ryan P. Burge (2022)
- Reorganized Religion: The Reshaping of the American Church and Why It Matters by Bob Smietana (2022)
- Nonverts: The Making of Ex-Christian America by Stephen Bulivant (2022)
- The Nones: Where They Came From, Who They Are, and Where They Are Going by Ryan P. Burge (2021)
- We Aren’t Broke: Uncovering Hidden Resources for Mission and Ministry by Mark Elsdon (2021)
- Dear Church: A Love Letter from a Black Preacher to the Whitest Denomination by Lenny Duncan (2019)
- Future Faith: Ten Challenges Reshaping Christianity in the 21st Century by Wesley Granberg-Michaelson (2018)
- The End of White Christian America by Robert P. Jones (2016)
- Beyond Resistance: The Institutional Church Meets the Postmodern World by John Dorhauer (2015)
- Christianity After Religion: The End of the Church and the Birth of a New Spiritual Awakening by Diana Butler Bass (2012)
- American Religion: Contemporary Trends by Mark Chaves (2011)

Episcopal (TEC)
- Episcopal Church Unsure of Its Membership (2025)
- Another Decade of Major Decline in The Episcopal Church (2019)

Lutheran (ELCA)
- Will the ELCA Lose 75% of Its Members? (2026)
- ELCA Membership Cut in Half (2024)
- The ELCA is Missing 4 Million People! (2023)
- From 5 Million to 4 Million (2013)
- So Many Dwindling Congregations (2013)

Presbyterian (PCUSA)
- PC(USA) Membership Decline Slows, But Another Milestone Looms (2026)
- Another Church Closes: Saying Goodbye to Covenant Presbyterian After 70 Years (2026)
- Aging Presbyterians: 3 in 5 PCUSA Members Now Over Age 55 (2024)
- The PC(USA) is Missing 2.6 Million People! (2023)
- End of Presbyterianism: Farewell PC(USA)? (2023)
- The Median Presbyterian (PCUSA) Congregation (2023)
- PC(USA) Membership – 30 Years of Decline (2023)
- PC(USA) Membership Declines by 62% (2022)
- PC(USA) Membership Declines by “Only 50K” (2020)
- Presbyterian Decline: PCUSA -The First 35 Years (2020)

United Church of Christ
- The Coming Wave of Church Closures in the United Church of Christ (2026)
- UCC: 1 Out of Every ____ Americans (2023)
- The UCC is Missing 1.3 Million People! (2023)
- UCC Membership Decline: 2,193,593 to 773,539 (2022)
- UCC Decline Enters 7th Decade (2020)
- In Person Worship: Worship Capacity in the UCC (2020)
- 6 Decades of Decline in the United Church of Christ (2018)
- Dwindling Membership: The United Church of Christ from 1965-2015 (2016)
- More Decline in the Mainline: UCC in Florida (2012)

So What?
I did not assemble this collection because I enjoy documenting institutional decline. I crafted it because I care deeply about the tradition that formed me and continues to shape my faith, ministry, and vocation. Understanding where Mainline Protestantism has been and where it is today is foundational to discerning where God may be calling us next.
Over the last two decades, I’ve written about declining membership, aging congregations, church closures, changing patterns of religious affiliation, and the broader cultural shifts reshaping American Christianity with an emphasis on how these trends impact Mainline Protestantism. While each post examines a different piece of the puzzle, together they tell a larger story. The challenges facing Mainline Protestantism are neither isolated or temporary. They are profound, interconnected, and multi-generational.
At the same time, I remain convinced that decline is not the whole story. Institutions can shrink while faith remains vibrant. Congregations can become smaller while growing more faithful, more courageous, and more committed. Sometimes death must occur for resurrection to become possible.
My hope is that these posts do more than document what has been lost. I hope they help readers better understand the realities we face, ask more honest questions, challenge long-held assumptions, and imagine new possibilities for ministry in a rapidly changing world.
If this collection encourages even a few followers of the Way of Jesus to engage these issues with greater honesty, curiosity, and hope, then it has served its purpose.
